Séamus Turlough McElwaine (also spelt Seamus McElwain) (Irish name: Shéamus Tarlach Mac Giollabháin) (1 April 1960 – 26 April 1986[1]) was a volunteer in the South Fermanagh Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) killed by the Special Air Service (SAS) in 1986. McElwaine died while on active duty with his comrade Seán Lynch who was seriously injured in the shooting.
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McElwaine was the oldest of eight children and was born and grew up in Knockacullion, near Scotstown, County Monaghan, in the Republic of Ireland.[1][2] McElwaine took his first steps towards becoming involved in physical force republicanism when he joined Na Fianna Éireann aged 14. At the age of 16, McElwaine turned down an opportunity to study in the United States of America and joined the IRA stating "no one will ever be able to accuse me of running away.[1][3]
McElwaine was an active member of the IRA, who became Officer Commanding of the IRA in County Fermanagh by the age of 19.[3] On 5 February 1980, McElwaine killed an off-duty Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) corporal as he drove a tractor. Later that year on 23 September, McElwaine killed an off-duty Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Reserve Constable outside his home in Roslea.[3][4] He was also suspected of involvement in at least 10 other killings.[5][6]
On 14 March 1981, SAS soldiers surrounded a farmhouse near Roslea, containing McElwaine and three other IRA members. Despite being armed with four rifles, including an Armalite, the IRA members surrendered and were arrested.[3] While on remand in Crumlin Road Gaol McElwaine stood in the February 1982 Irish general election as an independent candidate for Cavan–Monaghan and received 3,974 votes (6.84% of the vote).[7][8] In May 1982 McElwaine was convicted of murdering the RUC and UDR members, with the judge describing him as a "dangerous killer" and recommending he spend at least 30 years in prison.[3]
On 25 September 1983, McElwaine was involved in the Maze Prison escape, the largest break-out of prisoners in Europe since World War II and in British prison history. 38 republican prisoners, armed with 6 handguns, hijacked a prison meals lorry and smashed their way out of HMP Maze. During the escape Gerry Kelly shot and injured a prison warden as he attempted to foil the escape.[9][10]
After the escape he joined an IRA active service unit operating in the area of the border between County Monaghan and County Fermanagh. The unit targeted police and military patrols with gun and bomb attacks, while sleeping rough in barns and outhouses to avoid capture.[11] He also held a meeting with Pádraig McKearney and Jim Lynagh, members of the Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade, in which they discussed forming a flying column with the aim of going on the offensive by destroying police barracks and establishing liberated areas within Northern Ireland. However, this plan never materialised.[12]
On 26 April 1986, McElwaine and another IRA member, Sean Lynch, were preparing to ambush an army patrol near Roslea in County Fermanagh when they were ambushed themselves by the SAS. Both were wounded but Lynch managed to crawl away. McElwaine was interrogated for several minutes and then killed.[13][14][15]
McElwaine was buried in Scotstown, County Monaghan, and his funeral was attended by an estimated 3,000 people including Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness. McGuinness gave an oration describing McElwaine as "a brave intelligent soldier, a young man who gave up his youth to fight for the freedom of his country" and "an Irish freedom fighter murdered by British terrorists".[15][16]
In 1987 McElwaine's father Jimmy, a longtime member of Monaghan County Council, became the chairman of the Séamus McElwain Cumann of Republican Sinn Féin.[17]
On 1 April 1990 a monument to McElwaine was erected in Corlat, County Monaghan. The oration was given by Catholic priest Piaras Ó Duill, who compared McElwaine to Nelson Mandela saying they both had the same attitude to oppression and both refused to denounce principle.[18] The inscription on the monument is a quote from Pádraig Pearse; "As long as Ireland is unfree the only honourable attitude for Irishmen and Irishwomen is an attitude of revolt".[19] A monument to McElwaine and six other republicans was also erected in Roslea in 1998, and was unveiled by veteran republican Joe Cahill.[6]
In January 1993 an inquest jury returned a verdict that McElwaine had been unlawfully killed. The jury ruled the soldiers had opened fire without giving McElwaine a chance to surrender, and that he was actually shot dead five minutes after being wounded. The Director of Public Prosecutions requested a full report on the inquest from the RUC, but nobody has been prosecuted for McElwaine's death.[5][20][21][22]
In April 2006 approximately 1,000 people in Roslea paid tribute to McElwaine during the traditional Easter Commemoration to mark the Easter Rising. Victims groups and Unionist politicians including Democratic Unionist Party member Arlene Foster had asked the Parades Commission to ban the parade from the area where McElwaine was killed describing him as an "evil murderer", but the Commission ruled the commemoration could proceed without any restriction.[23] In Corlat two weeks later 500 people attended the launch of a documentary film about McElwaine, Life and death of an IRA activist, marking the 20th anniversary of his death.[13]